Ureters bring urine to the bladder from the kidneys, passing through an opening to the bladder called the ureterovesical junction. As the bladder fills with urine, nerves send signals to the central nervous system. Somatic and autonomic nerves control the detrusor muscle, which contracts and relaxes along with sphincters in the urethra. When full, the typical adult bladder can hold up to milliliters of urine at a time—or about 2 cups—which must be released every two to five hours.
Urination, or micturition, is a combination of voluntary and involuntary actions regulated by the micturition center—a signal center located in the pons of the brainstem.
As the bladder fills and the bladder wall is stretched, sensors send nerve impulses to the micturition center. The result is the relaxing and contracting of the detrusor muscle along with the external and internal urethral sphincters.
Infants and young children release urine on reflex, but learn to control the external sphincter and hold their urine longer during potty training. A number of problems can arise both with the bladder or with urination. There are a number of tests that can give you and your healthcare provider insight into your bladder health. The test your practitioner performs depends primarily on the problem you are having, but here are some common tests you might expect.
Sign up for our Health Tip of the Day newsletter, and receive daily tips that will help you live your healthiest life. Biga LM, et al. Urine transport and elimination. Anatomy and Physiology. Anatomy, abdomen and pelvis, bladder detrusor muscle.
Updated March 3, Anatomy, abdomen and pelvis, bladder. Johns Hopkins Medicine. About every 10 to 15 seconds, small amounts of urine are emptied into the bladder from the ureters. This triangle-shaped, hollow organ is located in the lower abdomen. It is held in place by ligaments that are attached to other organs and the pelvic bones.
The bladder's walls relax and expand to store urine, and contract and flatten to empty urine through the urethra. The typical healthy adult bladder can store up to two cups of urine for two to five hours.
Upon examination, specific "landmarks" are used to describe the location of any irregularities in the bladder. These are:. Two sphincter muscles. These circular muscles help keep urine from leaking by closing tightly like a rubber band around the opening of the bladder. The kidneys filter your blood and make urine. The urine is carried to your bladder by two tubes called the ureters.
Your bladder is like a balloon which stores urine. It's a stretchy bag made of muscle tissue. It can hold about to mls of urine. When we empty our bladder, the urine passes down a tube called the urethra and out of the body. The urethra in men passes through the prostate gland and down the penis. The urethra in women is much shorter. It passes from the bladder down to an opening just in front of the vagina.
The first layer is on the inside of your bladder and is called transitional epithelium. It is a special type of lining that stretches as the bladder fills up. Cancer Causes and Prevention. Risk Factors. Cancer Prevention Overview. Cancer Screening Overview. Screening Tests. Diagnosis and Staging. Questions to Ask about Your Diagnosis. Types of Cancer Treatment. Side Effects of Cancer Treatment. Clinical Trials Information.
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