These bacteria are called antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The symptoms of a VRE infection depend on where the infection is. If VRE are causing a wound infection, that area of your skin may be red or tender. If you have a urinary tract infection , you may have back pain, a burning sensation when you urinate, or a need to urinate more often than usual. Some people with VRE infections have diarrhea, feel weak and sick, or have fever and chills.
If your doctor suspects that you are infected with VRE, he or she will send a sample of your infected wound, blood, urine, or stool to a lab. The lab will grow the bacteria and then test to see which kinds of antibiotics kill the bacteria. This test may take several days. If you get a serious infection with VRE, you may be isolated in a private hospital room to reduce the chances of spreading the bacteria to others. When your doctors and nurses are caring for you, they may use extra precautions such as wearing gloves and gowns.
VRE infections may be difficult to cure because the bacteria do not respond to many antibiotics. If you have an infection, your doctor will order antibiotics that may be given by mouth or into a vein through an IV intravenously. Sometimes more than one antibiotic is prescribed to help stop the infection.
Part of your treatment may include sending samples of your blood, urine, or stool to a lab to see if you still have VRE in your body. Some people get rid of VRE infections on their own as their bodies get stronger. This can take a few months or even longer.
Other times, an infection will go away and then come back. Sometimes the infection will go away, but the bacteria will remain without causing infection. This is called colonization.
J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect. Published online Apr Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Corresponding author. Manav Khera: moc. Received Feb 13; Accepted Apr This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract Background The purpose of this study is to evaluate the microbiological profile and treatment outcomes of vancomycin-resistant Gram-positive bacterial endophthalmitis.
Conclusions Vancomycin-resistant endophthalmitis is uncommon and usually associated with poor visual outcome. Methods In this noncomparative, consecutive case series, the medical records of all patients with culture-proven, clinically diagnosed, infective bacterial endophthalmitis between January and December were reviewed after obtaining institutional review board approval. Results Of culture-positive endophthalmitis, Table 1 Demographic characteristics, etiology, management, and outcomes of patients with vancomycin-resistant endophthalmitis due to Gram-positive bacteria.
Open in a separate window. Table 2 Antimicrobial susceptibility of vancomycin-resistant Gram-positive organisms. Discussion Vancomycin is a widely used glycopeptide antibiotic that is effective against most Gram-positive bacteria including Streptococcus , Staphylococcus , and Bacillus species. Conclusions In conclusion, vancomycin resistance among Gram-positive isolates is an uncommon but an emerging problem. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Clinical and microbiological review of culture proven endophthalmitis caused by multidrug resistant bacteria in patients seen at tertiary eye care center in southern India.
Vancomycin-resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus endophthalmitis following cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. Results of the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study. A randomized trial of immediate vitrectomy and of intravenous antibiotics for the treatment of postoperative bacterial endophthalmitis.
Arch Ophthalmol. Acquisition of VanB-type vancomycin resistance by Bacillus subtilis : the impact on gene expression, cell wall composition and morphology. Mol Microbiol. Spectrum and susceptibilities of microbiologic isolates in the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study. Am J Ophthalmol. Intracameral vancomycin following cataract surgery: an eleven-year study. References J Xie et al, J. Topics Biological chemistry Biology Higher education Medicinal chemistry.
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No comments yet. You're not signed in. Only registered users can comment on this article. Sign in Register. However, beginning in the early s, physicians and other health-care professionals started to express renewed interest in this drug.
This renewed interest was due both to vancomycin's ability to fight methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA and the ability to treat pseudomembranous colitis.
Pseudomembranous colitis is a severe infection of the colon diarrhea that takes hold after treatment with other antibiotics kills normal bowel flora. Vancomycin is a tricyclic glycopeptide. It binds to bacterial cell walls and alters cell membrane permeability.
It also interferes with bacterial RNA synthesis. When fighting most gram-positive organisms like staphylococci and streptococci, vancomycin's actions are bacteriocidal.
In other words, vancomycin works to directly kill the gram-positive bacteria. However, when fighting enterococci, another type of gram-positive organism, vancomycin's actions are bacteriostatic, and it works to inhibit bacterial reproduction. Vancomycin is used to fight several types of bacterial pathogens, many of which are resistant to other types of antibiotics, including:.
Vancomycin is used to treat several forms of serious infection, including:. Because vancomycin is poorly absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract, it is usually administered as an injection. However, when used to treat enterocolitis and pseudomembranous colitis, both infections of the gastrointestinal tract, patients take oral vancomycin.
Vancomycin is usually administered in an inpatient hospital setting. Inpatient pharmacists are usually called on to calculate dosages.
Furthermore, because vancomycin is excreted by the kidneys, the dosing of this drug is more complicated in people with renal failure kidney failure.
Serious detrimental side effects attributable to vancomycin are rare.
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