Apart from the obvious — gut, bones, and kidneys — blood phosphate levels are also controlled by the parathyroid gland. Hormones that affect blood phosphate levels are [ 2 , 1 , 16 , 12 ]:. Other hormones, such as thyroid hormones , insulin , corticosteroids, and calcitonin , have a more modest role in phosphate metabolism [ 1 ]. Phosphorus metabolism is tightly bound to that of calcium — both minerals are affected by the same hormones, usually in the opposite direction.
In addition, phosphate can bind calcium in the blood, thereby reducing its levels. Our health depends on a delicate balance between these two minerals [ 2 , 3 ]. In adults, the normal range is between 2. That equals roughly 0. Your doctor will interpret your result, taking into account your medical history, symptoms, and other test results.
Causes shown here are commonly associated with high phosphate levels. Work with your doctor or another health care professional to get an accurate diagnosis. The following can interfere with phosphate measurement, resulting in falsely high levels :. Similarly, in the second study with over 2, people, those who had the lowest income or were unemployed were more than twice as likely to have high phosphate levels [ 42 ].
This relationship is probably a direct consequence of diet. People who are poor and live in urban environments consume cheaper processed and fast foods that contain phosphate additives [ 42 ].
However, if caused by severe kidney disease, you may also have low calcium levels in the blood hypocalcemia. Low calcium levels can cause [ 43 , 44 ]:. Severe complications include [ 3 ]:. High phosphate binds calcium and forms crystals calcium phosphate that can accumulate in various tissues. In the blood vessels, their buildup calcification may cause damage or hardening [ 3 , 45 , 46 ].
In a large study of over , people, both low and high blood phosphate levels were linked to an increased risk of heart disease. Higher levels within the normal range also increased the risk [ 47 ]. High levels are linked to both heart risks in healthy people and heart complications in those with heart disease. In over 4, people with heart disease, higher levels were linked with a greater risk of heart failure and heart attacks [ 49 , 50 ].
In over 12, people, higher blood phosphorus levels, even within the normal range, were linked with increased fracture risk in both men and women [ 52 ]. Many other studies looked at this relationship by focusing on dietary phosphate intake instead of the blood levels. As dietary phosphate intake increases, bones are broken down more and rebuilt less [ 53 , 53 , 54 , 55 ].
Strong bones require a balance between phosphorus and calcium levels. High dietary phosphorus can throw this balance off. In 85 postmenopausal women, consumption of one or more bottles per day of phosphoric acid-containing soft drinks such as coke was associated with lower calcium levels [ 56 ]. In a study of over 5, men, higher baseline blood phosphate was associated with higher odds of poor executive function 4 years later [ 57 ].
High phosphate levels may weaken the blood-brain barrier , which can have a major effect on brain function. In over 1, dialysis patients, infections were more frequent among those with high phosphate levels [ 58 ]. Animal studies show that high phosphate levels can accelerate the aging process by triggering tissue damage. In mice, high phosphate caused premature aging symptoms such as weight loss , spine deformities, decreased production of sex hormones, infertility, muscle wasting, skin thinning, and reduced life span [ 59 ].
In over 7, people, higher phosphate levels were linked to an age-related decrease in muscle strength in those over 65 years old [ 60 ]. The relationship between high phosphate levels and cancer is not straightforward. High phosphate levels are mostly linked to an increased risk of cancer, but they may also decrease the risk in some cases. High levels may be more detrimental for men than for women, although this is still uncertain. When the needle pricks your arm or hand, you may feel a slight sting or pain.
Afterward, the site may be sore. Certain foods and drinks that are high in phosphorus can affect your test results. Talk with your healthcare provider about your diet and how it might affect your test results. A few examples of high phosphorus foods and drinks include:.
Some medicines and medical procedures, such as dialysis, can also affect phosphorus levels. You may need to fast starting at midnight before the test. Ask your healthcare provider for specific instructions. Be sure your healthcare provider knows about all medicines, herbs, vitamins, and supplements you are taking. This includes medicines that don't need a prescription and any illicit drugs you may use.
Search Encyclopedia. Phosphorus Does this test have other names? Phosphorus blood test, phosphate test What is this test? Why do I need this test?
Your blood phosphate level can also rise abruptly if you receive a phosphorus-containing laxative as preparation for a colonoscopy. Calcium combines with phosphate, which leads to low levels of calcium in the blood hypocalcemia. Low calcium in the blood increases your risks for:. Because of these complications, people with severe kidney disease who have high phosphate levels in their blood face an increased risk of dying. These include chicken and other types of poultry, fish, nuts, beans, and eggs.
You may also need dialysis. This treatment takes over for your damaged kidneys. It removes wastes, salt, extra water, and chemicals like phosphate from your blood.
A few drugs help reduce the amount of phosphate your intestines absorb from foods you eat. These include:. Hyperphosphatemia is often a complication of chronic kidney disease. One way to reduce your risk is by slowing kidney damage.
Protect your kidneys by treating the cause of your kidney disease. High phosphate levels in your blood can increase your risk for serious medical problems and other complications. Treating hyperphosphatemia with dietary changes and medication as soon as possible can prevent these complications. Getting treated can also slow bone problems linked to chronic kidney disease. Discover the link between type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the leading cause for kidney failure in the United States.
Learn preventive steps you…. In end-stage kidney disease, also known as end-stage renal disease ESRD , the kidneys are functioning below 10 percent of their normal function.
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